+Last updated September 13, 2009 +
++Providing feedback by synthetic speech, Nonvisual Desktop Access allows blind and vision impaired people to access and interact with the Windows operating system and many third party applications. +
++Major highlights include: +
++It is important that people anywhere in the world, no matter what language they speak, get equal access to technology. NVDA currently has been translated into over 20 languages besides the English language including: Arabic, Brazilian Portuguese, Croatian, Czech, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Ukrainian, Afrikaans, Polish and Vietnamese. +
++Apart from providing its messages and interface in several languages, NVDA can also enable the user to read content in any language, as long as they have a speech synthesizer that can speak that particular language. +
++NVDA is bundled with eSpeak, a free, open-source, multi-lingual speech synthesizer. Additionally, NVDA can use both SAPI4 and SAPI5 speech engines to provide speech output, as well as the Audiologic and NewFon speech synthesizers. +
++For users that own a refreshable braille display, NVDA can output its information in braille. NVDA supports Freedom Scientific Pacmate and Focus displays, Handy Tech displays, ALVA BC640/680 displays, plus many others supported by the BRLTTY package if it is available. +
++NVDA supports many braille codes covering a large set of languages. In many cases grade 1 and 2 versions of the codes are available. For English readers both U.S. English braille and Unified English braille (UEB) codes are included. +
++NVDA is copyright 2006-2009 NVDA contributors. +
++NVDA is covered by the GNU General Public License (Version 2). You are free to share or change this software in any way you like as long as you distribute the licence along with the software, and make all source code available to anyone who wants it. This applies to both original and modified copies of the software, plus any software that uses code taken from this software. For further details, you can view the full licence. +
++If you have not yet got a copy of NVDA, you can download it here. +
++Go to the download section and you will find a link to download the latest version of NVDA. +
++There are currently two ways NVDA is packaged. One is an Installer which will talk you through installing NVDA so that you can then run it at any time from the Start Menu. The other is a self-extracting archive file that contains a fully portable version of NVDA, which you can run from anywhere, including a USB thumb drive or CD. +
++If you already have the NVDA installer, simply press enter or double click on the file and the installer will start. +
++As the installer loads, you will hear the NVDA installation music. Once loaded, a temporary copy of NVDA will allow you to follow the prompts of the installer and install NVDA. Note that if you were running another copy of NVDA at the time you started the installer, a message will appear telling you that your previous copy of NVDA will be closed. When you press enter on this message, the installer will close your previous copy and start its own one. This is necessary so that the installer can properly update any changed files. At this point, if you have another copy of NVDA already installed, the NVDA installer will uninstall it for you, and then it will commence to install NVDA. +
++Once you have successfully completed the installation, the installer will alert you that the install of NVDA has finished. If reinstalling NVDA, It may ask you to reboot the system at this point. It is very important that you reboot the system as failing to do so will have undesirable consequences. If it did not ask you to reboot, pressing Finnish will close the installer and start the newly installed version of NVDA. +
++If you have the portable version of NVDA, then all you have to do is to press enter or double click on the file, and follow the prompts. It will ask you where on your system you wish to place the files. +
++If you have installed NVDA with the installer, then starting NVDA is as simple as either pressing control+alt+n, or choosing NVDA from the NVDA menu under Programs on the Start Menu. Additionally you can type NVDA into the Run dialog and press Enter. +
++To start the portable version, go to the directory you unpacked NVDA to, and press enter or double click on nvda.exe. +
++As NVDA starts, you will first hear an ascending set of tones (telling you that NVDA is loading). Depending on how fast your computer is, or if you are running NVDA off a USB key or other slower medium, it may take a little while to start. If it is taking an extra long time, NVDA should say "Loading subsystems. Please wait..." +
++If you don't hear any of this, or you hear the Windows error sound, or a descending set of tones, then this means that NVDA has an error, and you will need to possibly report a bug to the developers. Please check out the NVDA website for how to do this. +
++When NVDA starts for the first time, you will be greeted by a dialog box which provides you with some basic information about the NVDA modifier key and the NVDA menu. (Please see further sections about these topics). The dialog box also contains two checkboxes. The first lets you control if NVDA should use the capslock as an NVDA modifier key, and the second lets you control if this Welcome dialog should appear each time NVDA starts. +
++Most NVDA-specific keyboard commands usually consist of pressing the NVDA modifier key, in conjunction with one or more other keys. An exception to this are the text review commands which just use the numpad keys by themselves. +
++By default both numpad insert and extended insert can be used as the NVDA modifier key. However, you can also configure NVDA so that the capslock key also becomes an NVDA modifier key. When configured this way, pressing or holding down capslock acts as an NVDA modifier key, but pressing it twice in quick succession causes it to act as the normal capslock key. +
++Many key commands are mentioned through out the rest of this user guide, but an easy way to explore all the different key commands is to turn on keyboard help. +
++To turn on keyboard help, press NVDA+1. To turn it off again, press NVDA+1 again. While in keyboard help, pressing any key will announce what it does (if in deed it does do something). The keys will not actually perform their function while in keyboard help mode, so you can press what ever keys you like. +
++The NVDA menu allows you to control NVDA's settings, access help, save/revert your configuration, Modify speech dictionaries, read the log file, and exit NVDA. +
++To get to the NVDA menu from anywhere in Windows while NVDA is running, press NVDA+n. You can also get to the NVDA menu via the windows system tray. Either right-click on the nvda icon located in the system tray, or access the system tray by pressing the windows logo key+B, DownArrow to the NVDA icon and press the applications key located next to the right control key on most keyboards. When the menu comes up, You can use the arrow keys to navigate the menu, and the enter key to activate an item. The Preferences menu allows you to configure NVDA how you like, the tools menu contains useful tools such as the NVDA log viewer and the NVDA Python console for developers, the help menu allows you to access the user guide, a quick key reference, and much more. The NVDA menu also contains items that allow you to save or revert your current configuration. There is also an option that allows you to exit NVDA, although this can be accomplished more efficiently by pressing NVDA+Q. +
++The options under the preferences menu can also be accessed via keyboard shortcut commands, as well as the NVDA Python Console, save and revert configuration options discussed in this section. For more information about this, please visit the quick reference guide for a list of shortcut commands. +
++The General settings dialog box is found in the Preferences menu. It is also accessed by pressing NVDA+Control+G. To save the options after modifying settings, press the OK button. To cancel, press the cancel button or the escape key. It contains the following options: +
++A combo box which allows you to select the language that NVDA's user interface and messages should be shown in. There are many languages, however the default option is "User Default, Windows". This option tells NVDA to use the language that Windows is currently set to. Please note that NVDA must be restarted when changing the language. NVDA will ask you if you wish to restart if you do change the selection. Press OK, and NVDA will restart. +
++This option is a checkbox that, when checked, tells NVDA to automatically save the current configuration when you exit NVDA. +
++This option is a checkbox that allows you to choose whether or not a dialog appears when you exit NVDA that asks whether or not you would like to exit. When checked, a dialog will appear when you attempt to exit NVDA asking whether or not you want to exit. +
++This is a combo box that permits you to choose how much NVDA wil log as it's running. Generally users should not need to touch this as not too much is logged. However if you are wanting to provide information in a bug report, then it may be a useful option. +
++If this option is enabled, NVDA will start automatically as soon as you log on to Windows. +
++If you log on to Windows by providing a user name and password, then enabling this option will make NVDA start automatically at the logon screen when Windows starts. +
++The Synthesizer dialog, which is found under "Synthesizer..." in the Preferences menu or by pressing NVDA+Control+S, allows you to select which Synthesizer NVDA should use to speak with. +
++The dialog contains a simple combo box, which lists all the available synthesizers. Choose the synthesizer you want using the arrow keys, and then press ok. If there is an error loading the synthesizer, a message box will alert you, and NVDA will keep the old synthesizer loaded. +
++The current list of synthesizers NVDA supports is: eSpeak, SAPI4, SAPI5, Audiologic, Display, and Silence. +
++The eSpeak synthesizer is built directly in to NVDA, and does not depend on any other special drivers or SAPI runtime to be installed. NVDA starts using eSpeak by default. This synthesizer should work on any system that NVDA works on, so it will definitely work when running NVDA off a USB thumb drive or CD, on anyone else's system. +
++The Sapi4 option allows you to use the Sapi synthesizer. Voices that are included under Ssapi4 include eloquence voices, as well as other Ssapi4 voices that you may have installed on your system. +
++The Sapi5 synthesizer allows you to use the microsoft voices that are iincluded on your machine. In XP, the default Ssapi5 voice is Microsoft Sam. In Vista, the default voice is Microsoft Anna. Depending on what voices you have installed, others may show up under Ssapi5. +
++The Display synthesizer is useful for sighted developers who wish to read what NVDA is speaking, as they test NVDA with their applications. +
++The Silence synthesizer driver is not that useful, unless you want to not have any speech at all while running NVDA. +
++Please note that no matter how many different SAPI4 or SAPI5 voices (or engines) you have installed on your system, only the actual SAPI4 and SAPI5 synthesizers will show up in the Synthesizers dialog. To actually select one of the engines (voices), select either SAPI4 or SAPI5, and then in the Voice settings dialog, you can choose the voice you want. +
++The Voice Settings dialog, found in the Preferences menu or accessed by pressing NVDA+Control+V, contains options that let you change the sound of the speech. You can also configure many of the options from anywhere by pressing NVDA+Control along with one of the arrow keys. The left and right arrow keys move through the various settings, the up and down arrows increase or decrease that setting respectively. +
++The Voice Settings dialog box contains the following options: +
++The first option that you land on in this dialog is a combo box listing all the voices of the current synthesizer that you have installed. You can use the arrow keys to listen to all the various choices. Left and Up arrow take you up in the list, while right and down arrow moves you down in the list. +
++If you are using the Espeak synthesizer that is packaged with NVDA, this is a combo box that lets you select the Variant the synthesizer should speak with. ESpeak's Variants are rather like voices, as they provide slightly different attributes to the eSpeak voice. Some variants will sound like a male, some like a female, and some even like a frog. +
++This option allows you to change the rate of your voice. This is a slider that goes from 0 to 100, (0 being the slowest, 100 being the fastest). +
++This option allows you to change the pitch of the current voice. It is a slider which goes from 0 to 100, (0 being the lowest pitch and 100 being the highest). +
++This option is a slider which goes from 0 to 100, (0 being the lowest volume and 100 being the highest). +
++This option is a slider that lets you choose how much inflection (rise and fall in pitch) the synthesizer should use to speak with. (The only synthesizer that provides this option at the present time is eSpeak). +
++This setting is a checkbox, that when checked, tells NVDA to speak all punctuation symbols as words (very useful for proof reading). When unchecked, NVDA leaves the punctuation unchanged, so the synthesizer will still read sentences with the right inflection, however the symbols won't be spoken aloud. +
++This setting, if checked, will raise the pitch for capitals. +
++This setting is a checkbox, that when checked, tells NVDA to say the word "cap;" before any capital letter, when arrowing over it or speaking it when its being typed. Usually, NVDA raises the pitch slightly for any capital letter, but some synthesizers may not support this well, so perhaps this option may be of use. +
++If this checkbox is checked, NVDA will make a small beep each time it encounters a capitalized character by itself. Like the 'say cap for capitals' checkbox, this is useful for Synthesizers that can't change their pitch for capital letters. +
++The braille settings dialog box can be invoked by going to the preferences menu and then to the braille settings option. +
++The first option you will come upon in the braille settings dialog is a combo box that says "braille display". You will be presented with three options. Move between these options with the arrow keys. +
++No braille means that you are not using braille. +
++Freedom Scientific is for Freedom Scientific Focus/Pacmate displays. Note that this option only appears if you have the braille driver from Freedom Scientific installed, see Official Freedom Scientific braille drivers page for more info on how to obtain and install the drivers. +
++Handy Tech is for the Handy Tech displays. Note that this option will only exist if you have installed the Handy Tech Universal Driver +
++BRLTTY allows you to use a wide list of braille displays. Please install the BRLTTY Windows installer in order to get support for these displays. +
++The next option you will come to in this dialog is the braille table combo box. In this combo box, you will find braille tables for different languages. You can move from braille table to braille table in the list by using the arrow keys. +
++This option allows the word that is under the cursor to be displayed in non-contracted computer braille. +
++This option is a numerical field that allows you to change the blink rate of the cursor in milliseconds. +
++This option is a numerical field that controls how long system messages are displayed on the braille display. +
++When pressing NVDA+Control+T, you can control what is being displayed on the braille display. The two options are focus and review. Focus displays what is being accessed via the arrow keys, the tab key, in short, focus navigation. Review allows you to review what is on the screen, I.E object navigation. You can cycle between these options by pressing control+NVDA+T. +
++This dialog box is found in the Preferences menu, under "Keyboard settings...". Alternatively, it can be accessed by pressing NVDA+Control+K. It contains the following options: +
++This combo box lets you choose what type of keyboard layout NVDA should use. Currently the two that come with NVDA are Desktop and Laptop. +
++If this checkbox is checked, capslock can be used as an NVDA modifier key. +
++If this checkbox is checked, the extended insert key (usually found above the arrow keys, near home and end) can be used as an NVDA modifier key. +
++If this checkbox is checked, the insert key on the number pad can be used as an NVDA modifier key. +
++A checkbox that when checked means that NVDA will announce all characters you type on the keyboard. You can also configure this option from anywhere by pressing NVDA+2. +
++A checkbox that when checked means that NVDA will announce all words you type on the keyboard. You can also configure this option from anywhere by pressing NVDA+3. +
++A checkbox that when checked means that NVDA will announce all non-character keys you type on the keyboard. This includes key combinations such as control plus another letter. You can also configure this option from anywhere by pressing NVDA+4. +
++The Mouse Settings dialog is found in the Preferences Menu, under "Mouse settings...". Alternatively, it can be accessed by pressing NVDA+Control+M. It contains the following options: +
++A checkbox, that when checked means that NVDA will announce the shape of the mouse pointer each time it changes. The mouse pointer in Windows changes shape to convey certain information such as when something is editable, or when something is loading etc. +
++A checkbox that when checked means that NVDA will announce the text currently under the mouse pointer, as you move it around the screen. This allows you to find things on the screen, by physically moving the mouse, rather than trying to find them through object navigation. +
++If NVDA is set to announce the text under the mouse as you move it, this option allows you to choose exactly how much text will be spoken. The options are character, word, line and paragraph. +
++If this checkbox is checked, NVDA will announce the role (type) of object as the mouse moves in side it. +
++Checking this checkbox makes NVDA play beeps as the mouse moves, so that the user can work out where the mouse is in regards to the dimentions of the screen. +
++If the 'play audio coordinates when mouse moves' checkbox is checked, then checking this checkbox means that the volume of the audio coordinates beeps is controled by how bright the screen is under the mouse. This may cause some performence issues on Windows Vista, so it is unchecked by default. +
++Found in the Preferences menu under "Object Presentation..." or by pressing NVDA+Control+O. This dialog box contains the following options: +
++A checkbox that when checked tells NVDA to announce tool tips as they appear. Many Windows and controls show a small message (or tool tip) when you move the mouse pointer over them, or sometimes when you move the focus to them. +
++This checkbox when checked tells NVDA to announce help balloons as they appear. Help Balloons are like tool tips, but are usually larger in size, and are associated with system events such as a network cable being unplugged, or perhaps to alert you about Windows security issues. +
++When this checkbox is checked, NVDA will include the shortcut key that is associated with a certain object or control when it is announced. For example the File menu on a menu bar may have a shortcut key of alt+f. +
++This option lets you choose whether you wish to have an object's position (e.g. 1 of 4) reported when moving to the object with the focus or object navigation. +
++Uncheck this checkbox if you feel you don't need to hear the description announced along with objects. +
++A progress bar is a control which looks a bit like a ruler. As a task is slowly being completed, more of the bar gets highlighted. It also shows a percentage value, to numerically tell you how far along it is. Progress bars are shown for things like loading a web page, checking your email, or processing a sound file etc. +
++This option presents you with a combo box which controls how nvda reports progress bar updates to you. It has the following options: +
++This is an option that, when checked, tells nvda to keep reporting a progress bar, even if it is not physically in the foreground. If you minimize or switch away from a window that contains a progress bar, nvda will keep track of it, allowing you to do other things while nvda tracks the progress bar. +
++The Virtual Buffer settings dialog can be found in the Preferences menu, under "Virtual Buffers...". Alternatively, it can be accessed by pressing NVDA+Control+B. +
++The dialog contains the following options: +
++This field sets the maximum length of a line of a virtual buffer (in characters). +
++Although virtual buffers don't really have pages, this field sets the amount of lines you will move by when pressing page up or page down while in a virtual buffer. +
++This option allows you to specify whether content in the virtual Buffer should place content such as links and other fields on their own line, or if it should keep them in the flow of text as it is visually shown. If the option is enabled then things will stay as they are visually shown, but if it is disabled then fields will be placed on their own line. +
++When disabled this option makes NVDA only report tables that contain tabular data (where it makes sense to know that this is a table). But if enabled, NVDA will also report tables used purely for visual presentation. +
++Previous versions of NVDA allowed you to use the Virtual Buffer settings dialog to configure whether NVDA should announce the type of field that you entered while reading through web content. Examples of field types are links, headings, tables, and lists. To configure these, please find new options in the Document Formatting Settings dialog. These options now not only affect virtual Buffers, but any documents that may cause these types of fields to be announced. +
++This option allows focus mode to be invoked if focus changes. For example, when on a web page, if you press tab and you land on a form, if this option is checked, focus mode will automatically be invoked. +
++This option, when checked, allows NVDA to enter and leave focus mode when using arrow keys. For example, if arrowing down a webpage and you land on an edit box, NVDA will automatically bring you into focus mode. If you arrow out of the edit box, NVDA will put you back in browse mode. +
++If this option is enabled, NVDA will play special sounds when it switches between browse mode and focus mode in a virtual Buffer, rather than speaking the change. +
++This dialog box is found in the Preferences menu, under "Document Formatting...". Alternatively, this dialog box can be invoked by pressing NVDA+Control+D. All the checkboxes in this dialog are for configuring what type of formatting you wish to hear automatically as you move the cursor around microsoft word or wordpad documents. For example, if you check the report font name checkbox, each time you arrow onto text with a different font, the name of the font will be announced. +
++You can configure announcement of font name, font size, font attributes, style, text alignment, text style, tables, page numbers, line numbers, spelling errors, links, headings, lists and blockquotes. +
++The speech dictionaries menu (found in the Preferences menu) contains dialogs that allow you to manage the way NVDA pronounces particular words or phrases. There are currently three different types of speech dictionaries. They are: +
++All dictionary dialogs contain a list of rules which will be used for processing the speech. The dialog also contains Add, Edit and remove buttons. +
++To add a new rule to the dictionary, press the Add button, and fill in the fields in the dialog box that appears and then press Ok. You will then see your new rule in the list of rules. However to make sure your rule is actually saved, make sure to press Ok to exit the dictionary dialog all together once you have finished adding/editing rules. +
++The rules for NVDA's speech dictionaries allow you to change one string of characters in to another. A simple example would be that you want to have NVDA say the word frog each time it is supposed to say the word bird. In the Add rule dialog, the easiest way to do this is to type the word bird in the Pattern field, and the word frog in the Replacement field. You may also want to type a description of the rule in the Comment field (something like: changes bird to frog). +
++NVDA's speech dictionaries however are much more powerful than simple word replacement. The Add rule dialog also contains a checkbox to say whether or not you want the rule to be case sensitive (meaning that NVDA should care whether the characters are uppercase or lowercase. NVDA ignores case by default). Another chekbox allows you to state whether your pattern is a "Regular expression". A regular expression is a pattern containing special symbols that allow you to match on more than one character at a time, or match on just numbers, or just letters, as a few examples. Regular expressions are not covered in this user guide, but there are many tutorials on the web which can provide you with more information. +
++NVDA stores its settings in a file called nvda.ini in its directory. You will probably never have to touch this file, but for advanced users, this file does allow you to change some extra settings which don't yet have dialog boxes to do so. +
++NVDA does not automatically save your settings, so if you exit NVDA, and then restart it, the settings will go back to the original values. Note, however, that this default option can be changed under the general options in the preferences menu. To save the settings, you can either choose the Save configuration item in the NVDA menu, or press NVDA+Control+c from anywhere. +
++If NVDA is on a read-only file system, such as a CD, it will not be able to save your settings, and it will tell you so. +
++If you ever make a mistake with your settings and need to revert back to the saved settings, you can either choose the "revert to saved configuration" item in the NVDA menu, or you can press NVDA+Control+r from anywhere. +
++The Most common way of navigating around Windows with NVDA, is to just move around with normal keyboard commands, such as tab and shift tab to move forward and back between controls, pressing alt to get to the menu bar and then using the arrows to navigate menus, using alt+tab to move between running applications. As you do this, NVDA will announce what has focus. +
++When NVDA announces an object (e.g. when it receives focus), it will usually say the object's name, type, state, value, description, keyboard shortcut, and positional information. This is quite similar to other screen readers; however the types of objects may be a little different. +
++There are some key commands that are useful when moving with focus: +
++When the focus is on an object that has an edit cursor (system caret), you can arrow around and edit like you normally would. NVDA will announce as you move by character, word, line, and will also announce selecting and unselecting text. +
++When you move with the system caret, the position of the review cursor will also be updated to match the system caret. +
++You can also read the entire text (say all) with NVDA+down Arrow. Note though that this is different to numpad Plus which only moves the review cursor, this moves the system caret as it goes. +
++If you wish to navigate around the current application or the Operating System a bit, but with out moving the focus, you can use NVDA's object navigation. This allows you to move from object to object in a tree like structure. +
++The tree structure of objects starts at the desktop window, the root of the tree. The first branches of the tree are the currently running applications, and of course these applications have their own branches (objects), representing various parts of the application. +
++The tree structure can get quite large, but it does allow you to navigate in a logical order, so that you can quickly find the information you need. +
++This structure has nothing to do with how the objects are laid out on the screen, but how they are related logically. This may take a little bit of time to get used to, but once you grasp this, you should be able to move around quite easily. +
++NVDA currently can not navigate the objects in a screen-based layout due to not having a video intercept driver or display hooks. NVDA chooses not to interact with the screen, more so because over all it should allow a much clearer, and more logical perception of an application and the operating system, rather than trying to picture a flat screen layout. +
++Not all applications have a perfect tree structure, but this is up to the developer of that particular application. Most seem to be ok; certainly most Dialog boxes and highly structured applications seem to have gotten it right. +
++To navigate by object, use the following keys: +
++note: numpad keys require numlock key to be turned off to work properly +
++When you move with the focus, the current navigator object changes along with it. However, if you wish to lock the object navigation to one specific object, so it doesn't change with the focus, you can turn off focus Moves Navigator Object with NVDA+7. +
++NVDA allows you to read the contents of the current navigator object, by character, word or line. This is mostly useful in Dos console windows, and other places where there is a limited or non-existant system caret. +
++note: numpad keys require numlock key to be turned off to work properly +
++When an object contains an edit cursor (system caret), and it moves, the review cursor is also updated to that position. If you want the review cursor to stay where it is, and not move with the caret, you can turn off caret Moves Review Cursor by pressing NVDA+6. +
++It is possible to copy parts of the text you are reviewing. For example, you may wish to copy an internet address someone has sent you in a text chat program. To copy text, Start by moving the review cursor to the first character of the text you wish to copy, and press NVDA+f9. Then move to the end of the text, and press NVDA+f10. The text will now be copied to the clipboard so that you can paste it somewhere else. Note that if the program you are using already allows you to move through the text using the system caret, and copy using the normal control+c command, then you will always get better results using this. +
++When you move the Mouse, NVDA by default reports the text that is directly under the mouse pointer, as it moves over it. Where supported, NVDA will read a paragraph's worth of text, though some controls may only read by line. +
++NVDA can also be configured to also announce the type of control or object the mouse is currently over as it moves (e.g. list, button etc), which may be useful for totally blind users as sometimes the text isn't enough. +
++NVDA provides a way for users to understand where the mouse is in regards to the dimentions of the screen, by playing the current mouse coordinates as audio beeps. The higher the mouse is on the screen, the higher the pitch of the beeps. The more left or right the mouse is on the screen, the more left or right the sound will seem to come from (assuming the user has stereo speakers). +
++These extra mouse features are not turned on by default in NVDA, but if you wish to take advantage of them, you can configure them from the Mouse settings dialog, found in the Preferences menu on the NVDA menu. +
++Complex read-only documents, such as web pages, are represented in NVDA with in a Virtual Buffer. +
++A virtual buffer is a flat representation of content such as a web page, that can be moved around in with the arrow keys. Information such as whether text is a link, heading etc is announced along with the text as you move. +
++While in a virtual buffer, there are two modes of interaction. Browse mode is where you can move around all the text using a virtual cursor. Focus mode is where you can directly interact with the control (edit field, combo box, radio buttons) using what ever keys you would normally use. When in Browse mode, NVDA will automatically switch to focus mode if you tab to or click on a particular control that requires it. Note that pressing enter or space on controls that require it will also switch to focus mode. You can also manually change to focus mode with NVDA+space. If NVDA automatically changed to focus mode because of a tab, click or enter/space key press, it will change back to browse mode once you tab or click on to something that doesn't require it, or if you press escape. However, if you changed to focus mode with NVDA+space, it will stay in focus mode until you manually go back to browse mode. At any time when you are in focus mode, you can manually switch back to browse mode by pressing escape, or NVDA+space. The virtual buffer settings dialog in the preferences menu in the NVDA menu allows you to disable automatic switching of browse mode and focus mode. +
++Currently NVDA uses Virtual Buffers for reading documents in Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and Adobe Reader. +
++While in browse mode, For quicker navigation NVDA also provides single character keys to jump to certain fields in a virtual buffer. +
++By themselves they jump to the next field, with the shift key they jump to the previous field. +
++Available keys: +
++Sometimes you may wish to interact with form fields with out the virtual buffer keys getting in the way. Focus mode is created for this purpose, and can be toggled on and off with NVDA+space. +
++The elements list (available by pressing NVDA+f7 while in a virtual buffer) provides access to a list of either links, headings or ARIA landmarks on the page. Radio buttons allow you to switch between these three types of information. An edit field is also provided in the dialog which allows you to filter the list to help you search for a particular item on the page. Once you have chosen an item, you can use the provided buttons in the dialog to move to, or activate, that item. +
++Pages can include rich content using technologies such as Adobe Flash and Sun Java. Where these are encountered in a virtual buffer, NVDA will announce "embedded object". You can press enter on these objects to interact with them. If it is accessible, you can then tab around it and interact with it like any other application. To return to the page, press NVDA+space. +
++As NVDA is constantly being updated, there is no guarantee that all commands provided here in this user guide will still apply. If you have any problems with any of the commands presented in this user guide, please visit: http://www.nvda-project.org/ for more assistance. +
+ + + === added file 'user_docs/en/user guide.txt' --- user_docs/en/user guide.txt 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 +++ user_docs/en/user guide.txt 2010-01-04 11:28:39 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,984 @@ +%%title: NVDA 2009.1 User Guide +%%lang:en + + +=NVDA 2009.1 User Guide= + + +Last updated September 13, 2009 + +==Table of Contents== + +* [[#1 | 1. Introduction]] +** [[#1.1 | 1.1. General features]] +** [[#1.2 | 1.2. Internationalization]] +** [[#1.3 | 1.3. Speech synthesizer support]] +** [[#1.4 | 1.4. Braille support]] +** [[#1.5 | 1.5. License and copyright]] +* [[#2 | 2. System Requirements]] +* [[#3 | 3. Getting NVDA]] +* [[#4 | 4. Installing NVDA]] +** [[#4.1 | 4.1. The NVDA Installer]] +** [[#4.2 | 4.2. NVDA Portable]] +* [[#5 | 5. Getting started with NVDA]] +** [[#5.1 | 5.1. Launching NVDA]] +** [[#5.2 | 5.2. About NVDA keyboard commands]] +* [[#6 | 6. The NVDA menu]] +** [[#6.1 | 6.1. Accessing the NVDA menu]] +** [[#6.2 | 6.2. Configuring NVDA]] +*** [[#6.2.1 | 6.2.1 The Preferences Menu]] +**** [[#6.2.1.1 | 6.2.1.1. General Settings]] +**** [[#6.2.1.2 | 6.2.1.2. Synthesizer Selection]] +**** [[#6.2.1.3 | 6.2.1.3. Voice Settings]] +**** [[#6.2.1.4 | 6.2.1.4. Braille Settings]] +**** [[#6.2.1.5 | 6.2.1.5. Keyboard Settings]] +**** [[#6.2.1.6 | 6.2.1.6. Mouse Settings]] +**** [[#6.2.1.7 | 6.2.1.7. Object Presentation Settings]] +**** [[#6.2.1.8 | 6.2.1.8. Virtual Buffer Settings]] +**** [[#6.2.1.9 | 6.2.1.9. Document Formatting Settings]] +**** [[#6.2.1.10 | 6.2.1.10. Speech dictionaries]] +*** [[#6.2.2 | 6.2.2: Saving and Reverting Configuration]] +* [[#7 | 7. Navigating with NVDA]] +** [[#7.1 | 7.1. Navigating by Focus]] +** [[#7.2 | 7.2. Navigating with the System Caret]] +** [[#7.3 | 7.3. Object Navigation]] +** [[#7.4 | 7.4. Reviewing Text in the Current Object]] +** [[#7.5 | 7.5. Navigating with the Mouse]] +* [[#8 | 8. Virtual Buffers]] +** [[#8.1 | 8.1. Single Letter Navigation]] +** [[#8.2 | 8.2. Forms and Focus Mode]] +** [[#8.3 | 8.3. The Elements list]] +** [[#8.4 | 8.4. Embedded Objects]] +* [[#9 | 9. Troubleshooting NVDA]] + +==%id:1 1. Introduction== + + +===%id:1.1 1.1. General Features=== + + + +Providing feedback by synthetic speech, Nonvisual Desktop Access allows blind and vision impaired people to access and interact with the Windows operating system and many third party applications. + + + +Major highlights include: + +* Ability to run entirely from a USB stick or other portable media without the need for installation +* Easy to use talking installer +* Browsing the web with [[http://www.getfirefox.com/ | Mozilla Firefox 3]] +* Working with email using [[http://www.mozillamessaging.com/en-US/thunderbird/early_releases/ | Mozilla Thunderbird 3]] +* Support for Microsoft Internet Explorer +* Basic support for Microsoft Outlook Express / Windows Mail +* support for Microsoft Word and Excel +* Support for accessible Java applications +* Support for Adobe Reader +* Early support for IBM Lotus Symphony +* support for Windows Command Prompt and console applications +* Automatic announcement of text under the mouse and optional audible indication of the mouse position +* Support for many refreshable Braille displays + +===%id:1.2 1.2. Internationalization=== + + + +It is important that people anywhere in the world, no matter what language they speak, get equal access to technology. NVDA currently has been translated into over 20 languages besides the English language including: Arabic, Brazilian Portuguese, Croatian, Czech, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Ukrainian, Afrikaans, Polish and Vietnamese. + +===%id:1.3 1.3. Speech Synthesizer Support=== + + + +Apart from providing its messages and interface in several languages, NVDA can also enable the user to read content in any language, as long as they have a speech synthesizer that can speak that particular language. + + + +NVDA is bundled with [[http://espeak.sourceforge.net/ | eSpeak]], a free, open-source, multi-lingual speech synthesizer. Additionally, NVDA can use both SAPI4 and SAPI5 speech engines to provide speech output, as well as the Audiologic and NewFon speech synthesizers. + + +===%id:1.4 1.4. Braille support=== + + + +For users that own a refreshable braille display, NVDA can output its information in braille. NVDA supports Freedom Scientific Pacmate and Focus displays, Handy Tech displays, ALVA BC640/680 displays, plus many others supported by the BRLTTY package if it is available. + + + +NVDA supports many braille codes covering a large set of languages. In many cases grade 1 and 2 versions of the codes are available. For English readers both U.S. English braille and Unified English braille (UEB) codes are included. + + +===%id:1.5 1.5. Licence and Copyright=== + + + +NVDA is copyright 2006-2009 NVDA contributors. + + + +NVDA is covered by the GNU General Public License (Version 2). You are free to share or change this software in any way you like as long as you distribute the licence along with the software, and make all source code available to anyone who wants it. This applies to both original and modified copies of the software, plus any software that uses code taken from this software. +For further details, you can [[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html | view the full licence.]] + +==%id:2 2. System Requirements== + +* Operating Systems: all 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7 (including Server operating Systems), may partially work on Windows 2000. +* Memory: 256 mb or more of RAM +* Processor speed: 1.0 ghz or above +* About 50 MB of storage space. + +==%id:3 3. Getting NVDA== + + + +If you have not yet got a copy of NVDA, you can download it [[http://www.nvda-project.org/ | here]]. + + + +Go to the download section and you will find a link to download the latest version of NVDA. + + + +There are currently two ways NVDA is packaged. One is an Installer which will talk you through installing NVDA so that you can then run it at any time from the Start Menu. The other is a self-extracting archive file that contains a fully portable version of NVDA, which you can run from anywhere, including a USB thumb drive or CD. + + +==%id:4 4. Installing NVDA== + + +===%id:4.1 4.1. The NVDA Installer=== + + + +If you already have the NVDA installer, simply press enter or double click on the file and the installer will start. + + + +As the installer loads, you will hear the NVDA installation music. Once loaded, a temporary copy of NVDA will allow you to follow the prompts of the installer and install NVDA. Note that if you were running another copy of NVDA at the time you started the installer, a message will appear telling you that your previous copy of NVDA will be closed. When you press enter on this message, the installer will close your previous copy and start its own one. This is necessary so that the installer can properly update any changed files. At this point, if you have another copy of NVDA already installed, the NVDA installer will uninstall it for you, and then it will commence to install NVDA. + + + +Once you have successfully completed the installation, the installer will alert you that the install of NVDA has finished. If reinstalling NVDA, It may ask you to reboot the system at this point. It is very important that you reboot the system as failing to do so will have undesirable consequences. If it did not ask you to reboot, pressing Finnish will close the installer and start the newly installed version of NVDA. + + +===%id:4.2 4.2. NVDA portable=== + + + +If you have the portable version of NVDA, then all you have to do is to press enter or double click on the file, and follow the prompts. It will ask you where on your system you wish to place the files. + + +==%id:5 5. Getting started with NVDA== + + +===%id:5.1 5.1. Launching NVDA=== + + + +If you have installed NVDA with the installer, then starting NVDA is as simple as either pressing control+alt+n, or choosing NVDA from the NVDA menu under Programs on the Start Menu. Additionally you can type NVDA into the Run dialog and press Enter. + + + +To start the portable version, go to the directory you unpacked NVDA to, and press enter or double click on nvda.exe. + + + +As NVDA starts, you will first hear an ascending set of tones (telling you that NVDA is loading). Depending on how fast your computer is, or if you are running NVDA off a USB key or other slower medium, it may take a little while to start. If it is taking an extra long time, NVDA should say "Loading subsystems. Please wait..." + + +If you don't hear any of this, or you hear the Windows error sound, or a descending set of tones, then this means that NVDA has an error, and you will need to possibly report a bug to the developers. Please check out the NVDA website for how to do this. + + + +When NVDA starts for the first time, you will be greeted by a dialog box which provides you with some basic information about the NVDA modifier key and the NVDA menu. (Please see further sections about these topics). The dialog box also contains two checkboxes. The first lets you control if NVDA should use the capslock as an NVDA modifier key, and the second lets you control if this Welcome dialog should appear each time NVDA starts. + + +===%id:5.2 5.2. About NVDA keyboard commands=== + + + +Most NVDA-specific keyboard commands usually consist of pressing the NVDA modifier key, in conjunction with one or more other keys. An exception to this are the text review commands which just use the numpad keys by themselves. + + + +By default both numpad insert and extended insert can be used as the NVDA modifier key. However, you can also configure NVDA so that the capslock key also becomes an NVDA modifier key. When configured this way, pressing or holding down capslock acts as an NVDA modifier key, but pressing it twice in quick succession causes it to act as the normal capslock key. + + + +Many key commands are mentioned through out the rest of this user guide, but an easy way to explore all the different key commands is to turn on keyboard help. + + + +To turn on keyboard help, press NVDA+1. To turn it off again, press NVDA+1 again. While in keyboard help, pressing any key will announce what it does (if in deed it does do something). The keys will not actually perform their function while in keyboard help mode, so you can press what ever keys you like. + + +==%id:6 6. The NVDA menu== + + + +The NVDA menu allows you to control NVDA's settings, access help, save/revert your configuration, Modify speech dictionaries, read the log file, and exit NVDA. + + +===%id:6.1 6.1. Accessing the NVDA menu=== + + + +To get to the NVDA menu from anywhere in Windows while NVDA is running, press NVDA+n. You can also get to the NVDA menu via the windows system tray. Either right-click on the nvda icon located in the system tray, or access the system tray by pressing the windows logo key+B, DownArrow to the NVDA icon and press the applications key located next to the right control key on most keyboards. When the menu comes up, You can use the arrow keys to navigate the menu, and the enter key to activate an item. The Preferences menu allows you to configure NVDA how you like, the tools menu contains useful tools such as the NVDA log viewer and the NVDA Python console for developers, the help menu allows you to access the user guide, a quick key reference, and much more. The NVDA menu also contains items that allow you to save or revert your current configuration. There is also an option that allows you to exit NVDA, although this can be accomplished more efficiently by pressing NVDA+Q. + + + +The options under the preferences menu can also be accessed via keyboard shortcut commands, as well as the NVDA Python Console, save and revert configuration options discussed in this section. For more information about this, please visit the quick reference guide for a list of shortcut commands. + + +===%id:6.2 6.2. Configuring NVDA=== + + +====%id:6.2.1 6.2.1 Preferences==== + + +=====%id:6.2.1.1 6.2.1.1. General Settings===== + + + +The General settings dialog box is found in the Preferences menu. It is also accessed by pressing NVDA+Control+G. To save the options after modifying settings, press the OK button. To cancel, press the cancel button or the escape key. It contains the following options: + + +======Language====== + + + +A combo box which allows you to select the language that NVDA's user interface and messages should be shown in. There are many languages, however the default option is "User Default, Windows". This option tells NVDA to use the language that Windows is currently set to. +Please note that NVDA must be restarted when changing the language. NVDA will ask you if you wish to restart if you do change the selection. Press OK, and NVDA will restart. + + +======Save Configuration on Exit====== + + + +This option is a checkbox that, when checked, tells NVDA to automatically save the current configuration when you exit NVDA. + + +======Warn before exiting NVDA====== + + + +This option is a checkbox that allows you to choose whether or not a dialog appears when you exit NVDA that asks whether or not you would like to exit. When checked, a dialog will appear when you attempt to exit NVDA asking whether or not you want to exit. + + +======Logging level====== + + + +This is a combo box that permits you to choose how much NVDA wil log as it's running. Generally users should not need to touch this as not too much is logged. However if you are wanting to provide information in a bug report, then it may be a useful option. + + +======Automatically start nvda after I log on to windows====== + + + +If this option is enabled, NVDA will start automatically as soon as you log on to Windows. + + +======Use nvda on the windows log on screen (requires administrative privileges)====== + + + +If you log on to Windows by providing a user name and password, then enabling this option will make NVDA start automatically at the logon screen when Windows starts. + + +=====%id:6.2.1.2 6.2.1.2. Synthesizer Selection===== + + + +The Synthesizer dialog, which is found under "Synthesizer..." in the Preferences menu or by pressing NVDA+Control+S, allows you to select which Synthesizer NVDA should use to speak with. + + + +The dialog contains a simple combo box, which lists all the available synthesizers. Choose the synthesizer you want using the arrow keys, and then press ok. If there is an error loading the synthesizer, a message box will alert you, and NVDA will keep the old synthesizer loaded. + + + +The current list of synthesizers NVDA supports is: +eSpeak, SAPI4, SAPI5, Audiologic, Display, and Silence. + + + +The eSpeak synthesizer is built directly in to NVDA, and does not depend on any other special drivers or SAPI runtime to be installed. NVDA starts using eSpeak by default. This synthesizer should work on any system that NVDA works on, so it will definitely work when running NVDA off a USB thumb drive or CD, on anyone else's system. + + + +The Sapi4 option allows you to use the Sapi synthesizer. Voices that are included under Ssapi4 include eloquence voices, as well as other Ssapi4 voices that you may have installed on your system. + + + +The Sapi5 synthesizer allows you to use the microsoft voices that are iincluded on your machine. In XP, the default Ssapi5 voice is Microsoft Sam. In Vista, the default voice is Microsoft Anna. Depending on what voices you have installed, others may show up under Ssapi5. + + + +The Display synthesizer is useful for sighted developers who wish to read what NVDA is speaking, as they test NVDA with their applications. + + + +The Silence synthesizer driver is not that useful, unless you want to not have any speech at all while running NVDA. + + + +Please note that no matter how many different SAPI4 or SAPI5 voices (or engines) you have installed on your system, only the actual SAPI4 and SAPI5 synthesizers will show up in the Synthesizers dialog. To actually select one of the engines (voices), select either SAPI4 or SAPI5, and then in the Voice settings dialog, you can choose the voice you want. + + +=====%id:6.2.1.3 6.2.1.3. Voice Settings===== + + + +The Voice Settings dialog, found in the Preferences menu or accessed by pressing NVDA+Control+V, contains options that let you change the sound of the speech. You can also configure many of the options from anywhere by pressing NVDA+Control along with one of the arrow keys. The left and right arrow keys move through the various settings, the up and down arrows increase or decrease that setting respectively. + + + +The Voice Settings dialog box contains the following options: + + +======Voice====== + + + +The first option that you land on in this dialog is a combo box listing all the voices of the current synthesizer that you have installed. You can use the arrow keys to listen to all the various choices. Left and Up arrow take you up in the list, while right and down arrow moves you down in the list. + + +======Variant====== + + + +If you are using the Espeak synthesizer that is packaged with NVDA, this is a combo box that lets you select the Variant the synthesizer should speak with. ESpeak's Variants are rather like voices, as they provide slightly different attributes to the eSpeak voice. Some variants will sound like a male, some like a female, and some even like a frog. + + +======Rate====== + + + +This option allows you to change the rate of your voice. This is a slider that goes from 0 to 100, (0 being the slowest, 100 being the fastest). + + +======Pitch====== + + + +This option allows you to change the pitch of the current voice. It is a slider which goes from 0 to 100, (0 being the lowest pitch and 100 being the highest). + + +======Volume====== + + + +This option is a slider which goes from 0 to 100, (0 being the lowest volume and 100 being the highest). + + +======Inflection====== + + + +This option is a slider that lets you choose how much inflection (rise and fall in pitch) the synthesizer should use to speak with. (The only synthesizer that provides this option at the present time is eSpeak). + + +======Speak All Punctuation====== + + + +This setting is a checkbox, that when checked, tells NVDA to speak all punctuation symbols as words (very useful for proof reading). When unchecked, NVDA leaves the punctuation unchanged, so the synthesizer will still read sentences with the right inflection, however the symbols won't be spoken aloud. + + +======Raise pitch for capitals====== + + + +This setting, if checked, will raise the pitch for capitals. + + +======Say "CAP" before capitals====== + + + +This setting is a checkbox, that when checked, tells NVDA to say the word "cap;" before any capital letter, when arrowing over it or speaking it when its being typed. Usually, NVDA raises the pitch slightly for any capital letter, but some synthesizers may not support this well, so perhaps this option may be of use. + + +======Beep for capitals====== + + + +If this checkbox is checked, NVDA will make a small beep each time it encounters a capitalized character by itself. Like the 'say cap for capitals' checkbox, this is useful for Synthesizers that can't change their pitch for capital letters. + + +=====%id:6.2.1.4 6.2.1.4. Braille Settings===== + + + +The braille settings dialog box can be invoked by going to the preferences menu and then to the braille settings option. + + +======Braille Display====== + + + +The first option you will come upon in the braille settings dialog is a combo box that says "braille display". You will be presented with three options. Move between these options with the arrow keys. + + + +No braille means that you are not using braille. + + + +Freedom Scientific is for Freedom Scientific Focus/Pacmate displays. Note that this option only appears if you have the braille driver from Freedom Scientific installed, see [[http://www.freedomscientific.com/PACMATE-HQ/FS_Braille_Display_Driver.asp | Official Freedom Scientific braille drivers page]] for more info on how to obtain and install the drivers. + + + +Handy Tech is for the Handy Tech displays. Note that this option will only exist if you have installed the [[ftp://ftp.handytech.de/public/Software/BrailleDriver/bsd1111a.exe | Handy Tech Universal Driver]] + + +BRLTTY allows you to use a wide list of braille displays. Please install the [[http://brl.thefreecat.org/brltty/ | BRLTTY Windows installer]] in order to get support for these displays. + + +======Translation Table====== + + + +The next option you will come to in this dialog is the braille table combo box. In this combo box, you will find braille tables for different languages. You can move from braille table to braille table in the list by using the arrow keys. + + +======Expand to computer braille for the word at the cursor====== + + + +This option allows the word that is under the cursor to be displayed in non-contracted computer braille. + + +======Cursor Blink Rate====== + + + +This option is a numerical field that allows you to change the blink rate of the cursor in milliseconds. + + +======Message Timeout (sec)====== + + + +This option is a numerical field that controls how long system messages are displayed on the braille display. + + +======Miscellaneous====== + + + +When pressing NVDA+Control+T, you can control what is being displayed on the braille display. The two options are focus and review. Focus displays what is being accessed via the arrow keys, the tab key, in short, focus navigation. Review allows you to review what is on the screen, I.E object navigation. You can cycle between these options by pressing control+NVDA+T. + + +=====%id:6.2.1.5 6.2.1.5. Keyboard settings===== + + + +This dialog box is found in the Preferences menu, under "Keyboard settings...". Alternatively, it can be accessed by pressing NVDA+Control+K. It contains the following options: + + +======Keyboard layout====== + + + +This combo box lets you choose what type of keyboard layout NVDA should use. Currently the two that come with NVDA are Desktop and Laptop. + + +======Use capslock as an NVDA modifier key====== + + + +If this checkbox is checked, capslock can be used as an NVDA modifier key. + + +======Use extended insert as an NVDA modifier key====== + + + +If this checkbox is checked, the extended insert key (usually found above the arrow keys, near home and end) can be used as an NVDA modifier key. + + +======Use numpad insert as an NVDA modifier key====== + + + +If this checkbox is checked, the insert key on the number pad can be used as an NVDA modifier key. + + +======Speak Typed Characters====== + + + +A checkbox that when checked means that NVDA will announce all characters you type on the keyboard. You can also configure this option from anywhere by pressing NVDA+2. + + +======Speak Typed Words====== + + + +A checkbox that when checked means that NVDA will announce all words you type on the keyboard. You can also configure this option from anywhere by pressing NVDA+3. + + +======Speak Command Keys====== + + + +A checkbox that when checked means that NVDA will announce all non-character keys you type on the keyboard. This includes key combinations such as control plus another letter. You can also configure this option from anywhere by pressing NVDA+4. + + +=====%id:6.2.1.6 6.2.1.6. Mouse Settings===== + + + +The Mouse Settings dialog is found in the Preferences Menu, under "Mouse settings...". Alternatively, it can be accessed by pressing NVDA+Control+M. It contains the following options: + + +======Report Mouse Shape Changes====== + + + +A checkbox, that when checked means that NVDA will announce the shape of the mouse pointer each time it changes. The mouse pointer in Windows changes shape to convey certain information such as when something is editable, or when something is loading etc. + + +======Report text Under Mouse====== + + + +A checkbox that when checked means that NVDA will announce the text currently under the mouse pointer, as you move it around the screen. This allows you to find things on the screen, by physically moving the mouse, rather than trying to find them through object navigation. + + +======Text unit resolution====== + + + +If NVDA is set to announce the text under the mouse as you move it, this option allows you to choose exactly how much text will be spoken. The options are character, word, line and paragraph. + + +======Report role when mouse enters object====== + + + +If this checkbox is checked, NVDA will announce the role (type) of object as the mouse moves in side it. + + +======Play audio coordinates when mouse moves====== + + + +Checking this checkbox makes NVDA play beeps as the mouse moves, so that the user can work out where the mouse is in regards to the dimentions of the screen. + + +======Brightness controls audio coordinates volume====== + + + +If the 'play audio coordinates when mouse moves' checkbox is checked, then checking this checkbox means that the volume of the audio coordinates beeps is controled by how bright the screen is under the mouse. This may cause some performence issues on Windows Vista, so it is unchecked by default. + + +=====%id:6.2.1.7 6.2.1.7. Object Presentation Settings===== + + + +Found in the Preferences menu under "Object Presentation..." or by pressing NVDA+Control+O. This dialog box contains the following options: + + +======Report Tool Tips====== + + + +A checkbox that when checked tells NVDA to announce tool tips as they appear. Many Windows and controls show a small message (or tool tip) when you move the mouse pointer over them, or sometimes when you move the focus to them. + + +======Report Help Balloons====== + + + +This checkbox when checked tells NVDA to announce help balloons as they appear. Help Balloons are like tool tips, but are usually larger in size, and are associated with system events such as a network cable being unplugged, or perhaps to alert you about Windows security issues. + + +======Report Object Shortcut Keys====== + + + +When this checkbox is checked, NVDA will include the shortcut key that is associated with a certain object or control when it is announced. For example the File menu on a menu bar may have a shortcut key of alt+f. + + +======Report object position information====== + + + +This option lets you choose whether you wish to have an object's position (e.g. 1 of 4) reported when moving to the object with the focus or object navigation. + + +======Report Object descriptions====== + + + +Uncheck this checkbox if you feel you don't need to hear the description announced along with objects. + + +======Progress bar output====== + + + +A progress bar is a control which looks a bit like a ruler. As a task is slowly being completed, more of the bar gets highlighted. It also shows a percentage value, to numerically tell you how far along it is. Progress bars are shown for things like loading a web page, checking your email, or processing a sound file etc. + + + +This option presents you with a combo box which controls how nvda reports progress bar updates to you. It has the following options: + +* Off: Progress bars will not be reported as they change. +* Speak: This option tells nvda to speak the progress bar in percentages. Each time the progress bar changes, nvda will speak the new value. +* Beep: This tells nvda to beep each time the progress bar changes. The higher the beep, the closer the progress bar is to completion. +* Beep and speak: This option tells nvda to both beep and speak when a progress bar updates. + +======Report background progress bars====== + + + +This is an option that, when checked, tells nvda to keep reporting a progress bar, even if it is not physically in the foreground. If you minimize or switch away from a window that contains a progress bar, nvda will keep track of it, allowing you to do other things while nvda tracks the progress bar. + + +=====%id:6.2.1.8 6.2.1.8. Virtual Buffer Settings===== + + + +The Virtual Buffer settings dialog can be found in the Preferences menu, under "Virtual Buffers...". Alternatively, it can be accessed by pressing NVDA+Control+B. + + + +The dialog contains the following options: + + +======Maximum Number of Characters on One Line====== + + + +This field sets the maximum length of a line of a virtual buffer (in characters). + + +======Maximum Lines Per Page====== + + + +Although virtual buffers don't really have pages, this field sets the amount of lines you will move by when pressing page up or page down while in a virtual buffer. + + +======Use screen layout====== + + + +This option allows you to specify whether content in the virtual Buffer should place content such as links and other fields on their own line, or if it should keep them in the flow of text as it is visually shown. If the option is enabled then things will stay as they are visually shown, but if it is disabled then fields will be placed on their own line. + + +======Report layout tables====== + + + +When disabled this option makes NVDA only report tables that contain tabular data (where it makes sense to know that this is a table). But if enabled, NVDA will also report tables used purely for visual presentation. + + +======Configuring announcement of fields such as links and headings====== + + + +Previous versions of NVDA allowed you to use the Virtual Buffer settings dialog to configure whether NVDA should announce the type of field that you entered while reading through web content. Examples of field types are links, headings, tables, and lists. To configure these, please find new options in the [[#6.2.1.9 | Document Formatting Settings dialog]]. These options now not only affect virtual Buffers, but any documents that may cause these types of fields to be announced. + + +======Automatic focus mode for focus changes====== + + + +This option allows focus mode to be invoked if focus changes. For example, when on a web page, if you press tab and you land on a form, if this option is checked, focus mode will automatically be invoked. + + +======Automatic focus mode for carret movement====== + + + +This option, when checked, allows NVDA to enter and leave focus mode when using arrow keys. For example, if arrowing down a webpage and you land on an edit box, NVDA will automatically bring you into focus mode. If you arrow out of the edit box, NVDA will put you back in browse mode. + + +======Audio indication of Focus and Browse modes====== + + + +If this option is enabled, NVDA will play special sounds when it switches between browse mode and focus mode in a virtual Buffer, rather than speaking the change. + + +=====%id:6.2.1.9 6.2.1.9. Document Formatting Settings===== + + + +This dialog box is found in the Preferences menu, under "Document Formatting...". Alternatively, this dialog box can be invoked by pressing NVDA+Control+D. All the checkboxes in this dialog are for configuring what type of formatting you wish to hear automatically as you move the cursor around microsoft word or wordpad documents. For example, if you check the report font name checkbox, each time you arrow onto text with a different font, the name of the font will be announced. + + + +You can configure announcement of font name, font size, font attributes, style, text alignment, text style, tables, page numbers, line numbers, spelling errors, links, headings, lists and blockquotes. + + +=====%id:6.2.1.10 6.2.1.10. Speech dictionaries===== + + + +The speech dictionaries menu (found in the Preferences menu) contains dialogs that allow you to manage the way NVDA pronounces particular words or phrases. There are currently three different types of speech dictionaries. They are: + * Default: rules in this dictionary affect all speech in NVDA. +* Voice: rules in this dictionary affect speech for the synthesizer voice currently being used. +* Temporary: rules in this dictionary affect all speech in NVDA, but only for the current session. These rules are temporary and will be lost if NVDA is restarted. + + +All dictionary dialogs contain a list of rules which will be used for processing the speech. The dialog also contains Add, Edit and remove buttons. + + + +To add a new rule to the dictionary, press the Add button, and fill in the fields in the dialog box that appears and then press Ok. You will then see your new rule in the list of rules. However to make sure your rule is actually saved, make sure to press Ok to exit the dictionary dialog all together once you have finished adding/editing rules. + + + +The rules for NVDA's speech dictionaries allow you to change one string of characters in to another. A simple example would be that you want to have NVDA say the word frog each time it is supposed to say the word bird. In the Add rule dialog, the easiest way to do this is to type the word bird in the Pattern field, and the word frog in the Replacement field. You may also want to type a description of the rule in the Comment field (something like: changes bird to frog). + + + +NVDA's speech dictionaries however are much more powerful than simple word replacement. The Add rule dialog also contains a checkbox to say whether or not you want the rule to be case sensitive (meaning that NVDA should care whether the characters are uppercase or lowercase. NVDA ignores case by default). Another chekbox allows you to state whether your pattern is a "Regular expression". A regular expression is a pattern containing special symbols that allow you to match on more than one character at a time, or match on just numbers, or just letters, as a few examples. Regular expressions are not covered in this user guide, but there are many tutorials on the web which can provide you with more information. + + +====%id:6.2.2. 6.2.2. Saving and Reloading the configuration=== + + + +NVDA stores its settings in a file called nvda.ini in its directory. You will probably never have to touch this file, but for advanced users, this file does allow you to change some extra settings which don't yet have dialog boxes to do so. + + + +NVDA does not automatically save your settings, so if you exit NVDA, and then restart it, the settings will go back to the original values. Note, however, that this default option can be changed under the general options in the preferences menu. To save the settings, you can either choose the Save configuration item in the NVDA menu, or press NVDA+Control+c from anywhere. + + + +If NVDA is on a read-only file system, such as a CD, it will not be able to save your settings, and it will tell you so. + + + +If you ever make a mistake with your settings and need to revert back to the saved settings, you can either choose the "revert to saved configuration" item in the NVDA menu, or you can press NVDA+Control+r from anywhere. + + +==%id:7 7. Navigating with NVDA== + + +===%id:7.1 7.1. Navigating with the Focus=== + + + +The Most common way of navigating around Windows with NVDA, is to just move around with normal keyboard commands, such as tab and shift tab to move forward and back between controls, pressing alt to get to the menu bar and then using the arrows to navigate menus, using alt+tab to move between running applications. As you do this, NVDA will announce what has focus. + + + +When NVDA announces an object (e.g. when it receives focus), it will usually say the object's name, type, state, value, description, keyboard shortcut, and positional information. This is quite similar to other screen readers; however the types of objects may be a little different. + + + +There are some key commands that are useful when moving with focus: + +* NVDA+tab - reports the current focus +* NVDA+b - reads the entire foreground window (useful for reading a dialog box) +* NVDA+t - Announces the title of the current foreground window + +===%id:7.2 7.2. Navigating with the System Caret=== + + + +When the focus is on an object that has an edit cursor (system caret), you can arrow around and edit like you normally would. NVDA will announce as you move by character, word, line, and will also announce selecting and unselecting text. + + + +When you move with the system caret, the position of the review cursor will also be updated to match the system caret. + + + +You can also read the entire text (say all) with NVDA+down Arrow. Note though that this is different to numpad Plus which only moves the review cursor, this moves the system caret as it goes. + + +===%id:7.3 7.3. Object Navigation=== + + + +If you wish to navigate around the current application or the Operating System a bit, but with out moving the focus, you can use NVDA's object navigation. This allows you to move from object to object in a tree like structure. + + + +The tree structure of objects starts at the desktop window, the root of the tree. The first branches of the tree are the currently running applications, and of course these applications have their own branches (objects), representing various parts of the application. + + + +The tree structure can get quite large, but it does allow you to navigate in a logical order, so that you can quickly find the information you need. + + + +This structure has nothing to do with how the objects are laid out on the screen, but how they are related logically. This may take a little bit of time to get used to, but once you grasp this, you should be able to move around quite easily. + + + +NVDA currently can not navigate the objects in a screen-based layout due to not having a video intercept driver or display hooks. NVDA chooses not to interact with the screen, more so because over all it should allow a much clearer, and more logical perception of an application and the operating system, rather than trying to picture a flat screen layout. + + + +Not all applications have a perfect tree structure, but this is up to the developer of that particular application. Most seem to be ok; certainly most Dialog boxes and highly structured applications seem to have gotten it right. + + + +To navigate by object, use the following keys: + +* NVDA+numpad5: Speak current object +* NVDA+numpad8: Move to parent object (moving towards the root of the tree) +* NVDA+numpad4: Move to previous object (the object directly before this one on the same level) +* NVDA+numpad6: Move to Next object (the object directly after this one on the same level) +* NVDA+numpad2: Move to first child object (The first branch coming out of this one) +* NVDA+shift+numpad4: Move to previous object in flow (crosses parent child object boundaries automatically until it can go previous) +* NVDA+shift+numpad6: Move to next object in flow (crosses parent child object boundaries automatically until it can go next) +* NVDA+numpadMinus: Move to focus +* NVDA+numpadEnter: Activate current object (e.g. press enter / click / double click) +* NVDA+numpadDivide: Move the mouse to the current object +* NVDA+numpadMultiply: Move to the mouse +* NVDA+numpadDelete: announce current object's dimentions in regards to the screen +* NVDA+numpadPlus: say all objects - starts reading from the current object, traveling next in flow + + +note: numpad keys require numlock key to be turned off to work properly + + + +When you move with the focus, the current navigator object changes along with it. However, if you wish to lock the object navigation to one specific object, so it doesn't change with the focus, you can turn off focus Moves Navigator Object with NVDA+7. + + +===%id:7.4 7.4. Reviewing the Text in the Current Object=== + + + +NVDA allows you to read the contents of the current navigator object, by character, word or line. This is mostly useful in Dos console windows, and other places where there is a limited or non-existant system caret. + +* Shift+numpad7: Top line +* numpad7: Previous line +* numpad8: Current line +* numpad9: Next line +* shift+numpad9: Bottom line +* numpad4: Previous word +* numpad5: Current word +* numpad6: Next word +* shift+numpad1: Start of line +* numpad1: Previous character +* numpad2: Current character +* numpad3: Next character +* shift+numpad3: End of line +* numpad Plus: Say all text + + +note: numpad keys require numlock key to be turned off to work properly + + + +When an object contains an edit cursor (system caret), and it moves, the review cursor is also updated to that position. If you want the review cursor to stay where it is, and not move with the caret, you can turn off caret Moves Review Cursor by pressing NVDA+6. + + + +It is possible to copy parts of the text you are reviewing. For example, you may wish to copy an internet address someone has sent you in a text chat program. To copy text, Start by moving the review cursor to the first character of the text you wish to copy, and press NVDA+f9. Then move to the end of the text, and press NVDA+f10. The text will now be copied to the clipboard so that you can paste it somewhere else. Note that if the program you are using already allows you to move through the text using the system caret, and copy using the normal control+c command, then you will always get better results using this. + + +===%id:7.5 7.5. Navigating with the Mouse=== + + + +When you move the Mouse, NVDA by default reports the text that is directly under the mouse pointer, as it moves over it. Where supported, NVDA will read a paragraph's worth of text, though some controls may only read by line. + + + +NVDA can also be configured to also announce the type of control or object the mouse is currently over as it moves (e.g. list, button etc), which may be useful for totally blind users as sometimes the text isn't enough. + + + +NVDA provides a way for users to understand where the mouse is in regards to the dimentions of the screen, by playing the current mouse coordinates as audio beeps. The higher the mouse is on the screen, the higher the pitch of the beeps. The more left or right the mouse is on the screen, the more left or right the sound will seem to come from (assuming the user has stereo speakers). + + + +These extra mouse features are not turned on by default in NVDA, but if you wish to take advantage of them, you can configure them from the Mouse settings dialog, found in the Preferences menu on the NVDA menu. + + +==%id:8 8. Virtual Buffers== + + + +Complex read-only documents, such as web pages, are represented in NVDA with in a Virtual Buffer. + + + +A virtual buffer is a flat representation of content such as a web page, that can be moved around in with the arrow keys. Information such as whether text is a link, heading etc is announced along with the text as you move. + + + +While in a virtual buffer, there are two modes of interaction. Browse mode is where you can move around all the text using a virtual cursor. Focus mode is where you can directly interact with the control (edit field, combo box, radio buttons) using what ever keys you would normally use. When in Browse mode, NVDA will automatically switch to focus mode if you tab to or click on a particular control that requires it. Note that pressing enter or space on controls that require it will also switch to focus mode. You can also manually change to focus mode with NVDA+space. If NVDA automatically changed to focus mode because of a tab, click or enter/space key press, it will change back to browse mode once you tab or click on to something that doesn't require it, or if you press escape. However, if you changed to focus mode with NVDA+space, it will stay in focus mode until you manually go back to browse mode. At any time when you are in focus mode, you can manually switch back to browse mode by pressing escape, or NVDA+space. The virtual buffer settings dialog in the preferences menu in the NVDA menu allows you to disable automatic switching of browse mode and focus mode. + + + +Currently NVDA uses Virtual Buffers for reading documents in Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and Adobe Reader. + + +===%id:8.1 8.1. Single Letter Navigation=== + + + +While in browse mode, For quicker navigation NVDA also provides single character keys to jump to certain fields in a virtual buffer. + + + +By themselves they jump to the next field, with the shift key they jump to the previous field. + + + +Available keys: + +* h: heading +* l: list +* i: list item +* t: table +* k: link +* n: nonLinked text +* f: form field +* u: unvisited link +* v: visited link +* e: edit field +* b: button +* x: checkbox +* c: combo box +* r: radio button +* q: block quote +* s: separator +* m: frame +* g: graphic +* d: ARIA landmark +* o: embedded object +* 1 to 6: headings 1 to 6 respectively + +===%id:8.2 8.2. Forms and Focus Mode=== + + + +Sometimes you may wish to interact with form fields with out the virtual buffer keys getting in the way. Focus mode is created for this purpose, and can be toggled on and off with NVDA+space. + + +===%id:8.3 8.3. The Elements List=== + + + +The elements list (available by pressing NVDA+f7 while in a virtual buffer) provides access to a list of either links, headings or ARIA landmarks on the page. Radio buttons allow you to switch between these three types of information. An edit field is also provided in the dialog which allows you to filter the list to help you search for a particular item on the page. Once you have chosen an item, you can use the provided buttons in the dialog to move to, or activate, that item. + + +===%id:8.4 8.4. Embedded Objects=== + + + +Pages can include rich content using technologies such as Adobe Flash and Sun Java. Where these are encountered in a virtual buffer, NVDA will announce "embedded object". You can press enter on these objects to interact with them. If it is accessible, you can then tab around it and interact with it like any other application. To return to the page, press NVDA+space. + + +==%id:9 9. Troubleshooting NVDA=== + + + +As NVDA is constantly being updated, there is no guarantee that all commands provided here in this user guide will still apply. If you have any problems with any of the commands presented in this user guide, please visit: +[[http://www.nvda-project.org/ | http://www.nvda-project.org/]] +for more assistance. + === added file 'user_docs/sconstruct' --- user_docs/sconstruct 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 +++ user_docs/sconstruct 2010-01-04 11:10:23 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +#import os +#import os.path + + +env = Environment() + +## wiki2html Builder: +wiki2htmlBuilder = Builder(action='python wikiTools/creole2html.py < $SOURCE > $TARGET', + src_suffix='.txt' ,suffix='.html' ) +env.Append(BUILDERS={'Wiki2html': wiki2htmlBuilder}) + +for i in Glob('*/user guide.txt'): + env.Wiki2html(i) + +#for i in Glob('*/whats new.txt'): +# env.Wiki2html(i) === added directory 'user_docs/wikiTools' === added file 'user_docs/wikiTools/COPYING' --- user_docs/wikiTools/COPYING 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 +++ user_docs/wikiTools/COPYING 2010-01-04 11:10:23 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ +This software is doubly-licensed. You can use it under the terms and +conditions of any of the two licenses provided here. + + + BSD LICENSE + +Copyright (c) 2007, Radomir Dopieralski, Thomas Waldmann. +All rights reserved. + +Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +are met: + + * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright + notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. + + * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright + notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in + the documentation and/or other materials provided with the + distribution. + +THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS +"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT +LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS +FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 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+ prop = r'''(?P %(?P[a-zA-Z]+):(?P[a-zA-Z0-9_\.]+) \s+ )'''
+ title = r'''(?P ^ %%title: \s+ (?P<title_text> .*?) \s* $ )'''
+ gprop = r'''(?P<gprop> %%(?P<gprop_key>[a-zA-Z]+):(?P<gprop_val>[a-zA-Z0-9_\.]+) \s+ )'''
+ linebreak = r'(?P<break> \\\\ )'
+ escape = r'(?P<escape> ~ (?P<escaped_char>\S) )'
+ char = r'(?P<char> . )'
+ quot = r'''(?P<quot> " )'''
+
+ # For the block elements:
+ separator = r'(?P<separator> ^ \s* ---- \s* $ )' # horizontal line
+ line = r'(?P<line> ^ \s* $ )' # empty line that separates paragraphs
+ head = r'''(?P<head>
+ ^ \s*
+ (?P<head_head>=+) \s*
+ (?P<head_text> .*? ) \s*
+ (?P<head_tail>=*) \s*
+ $
+ )'''
+ if bloglike_lines:
+ text = r'(?P<text> .+ ) (?P<break> (?<!\\)$\n(?!\s*$) )?'
+ else:
+ text = r'(?P<text> .+ )'
+ list = r'''(?P<list>
+ ^ [ \t]* ([*][^*\#]|[\#][^\#*]).* $
+ ( \n[ \t]* [*\#]+.* $ )*
+ )''' # Matches the whole list, separate items are parsed later. The
+ # list *must* start with a single bullet.
+ item = r'''(?P<item>
+ ^ \s*
+ (?P<item_head> [\#*]+) \s*
+ (?P<item_text> .*?)
+ $
+ )''' # Matches single list items
+ pre = r'''(?P<pre>
+ ^{{{ \s* $
+ (\n)?
+ (?P<pre_text>
+ ([\#]!(?P<pre_kind>\w*?)(\s+.*)?$)?
+ (.|\n)+?
+ )
+ (\n)?
+ ^}}} \s*$
+ )'''
+ pre_escape = r' ^(?P<indent>\s*) ~ (?P<rest> \}\}\} \s*) $'
+ table = r'''(?P<table>
+ ^ \s*
+ [|].*? \s*
+ [|]? \s*
+ $
+ )'''
+
+ # For splitting table cells:
+ cell = r'''
+ \| \s*
+ (
+ (?P<head> [=][^|]+ ) |
+ (?P<cell> ( %s | [^|])+ )
+ ) \s*
+ ''' % '|'.join([link, macro, image, code])
+
+class Parser:
+ """
+ Parse the raw text and create a document object
+ that can be converted into output using Emitter.
+ """
+
+ # For pre escaping, in creole 1.0 done with ~:
+ pre_escape_re = re.compile(Rules.pre_escape, re.M | re.X)
+ link_re = re.compile('|'.join([Rules.image, Rules.linebreak, Rules.char]), re.X | re.U) # for link descriptions
+ item_re = re.compile(Rules.item, re.X | re.U | re.M) # for list items
+ cell_re = re.compile(Rules.cell, re.X | re.U) # for table cells
+ # For block elements:
+ block_re = re.compile('|'.join([Rules.line, Rules.head, Rules.separator,
+ Rules.pre, Rules.list, Rules.title, Rules.gprop, Rules.table, Rules.text]), re.X | re.U | re.M)
+ # For inline elements:
+ inline_re = re.compile('|'.join([Rules.link, Rules.url, Rules.macro,
+ Rules.code, Rules.prop, Rules.quot, Rules.image, Rules.strong, Rules.emph, Rules.linebreak,
+ Rules.escape, Rules.char]), re.X | re.U)
+
+ def __init__(self, raw):
+ self.raw = raw
+ self.root = DocNode('document', None)
+ self.cur = self.root # The most recent document node
+ self.text = None # The node to add inline characters to
+
+ def _upto(self, node, kinds):
+ """
+ Look up the tree to the first occurence
+ of one of the listed kinds of nodes or root.
+ Start at the node node.
+ """
+ while node.parent is not None and not node.kind in kinds:
+ node = node.parent
+ return node
+
+ # The _*_repl methods called for matches in regexps. Sometimes the
+ # same method needs several names, because of group names in regexps.
+
+ def _url_repl(self, groups):
+ """Handle raw urls in text."""
+
+ if not groups.get('escaped_url'):
+ # this url is NOT escaped
+ target = groups.get('url_target', '')
+ node = DocNode('link', self.cur)
+ node.content = target
+ DocNode('text', node, node.content)
+ self.text = None
+ else:
+ # this url is escaped, we render it as text
+ if self.text is None:
+ self.text = DocNode('text', self.cur, u'')
+ self.text.content += groups.get('url_target')
+ _url_target_repl = _url_repl
+ _url_proto_repl = _url_repl
+ _escaped_url = _url_repl
+
+ def _link_repl(self, groups):
+ """Handle all kinds of links."""
+
+ target = groups.get('link_target', '')
+ text = (groups.get('link_text', '') or '').strip()
+ parent = self.cur
+ self.cur = DocNode('link', self.cur)
+ self.cur.content = target
+ self.text = None
+ re.sub(self.link_re, self._replace, text)
+ self.cur = parent
+ self.text = None
+ _link_target_repl = _link_repl
+ _link_text_repl = _link_repl
+
+ def _macro_repl(self, groups):
+ """Handles macros using the placeholder syntax."""
+
+ name = groups.get('macro_name', '')
+ text = (groups.get('macro_text', '') or '').strip()
+ node = DocNode('macro', self.cur, name)
+ node.args = groups.get('macro_args', '') or ''
+ DocNode('text', node, text or name)
+ self.text = None
+ _macro_name_repl = _macro_repl
+ _macro_args_repl = _macro_repl
+ _macro_text_repl = _macro_repl
+
+ def _image_repl(self, groups):
+ """Handles images and attachemnts included in the page."""
+
+ target = groups.get('image_target', '').strip()
+ text = (groups.get('image_text', '') or '').strip()
+ node = DocNode("image", self.cur, target)
+ DocNode('text', node, text or node.content)
+ self.text = None
+ _image_target_repl = _image_repl
+ _image_text_repl = _image_repl
+
+ def _separator_repl(self, groups):
+ self.cur = self._upto(self.cur, ('document', 'section', 'blockquote'))
+ DocNode('separator', self.cur)
+
+ def _item_repl(self, groups):
+ bullet = groups.get('item_head', u'')
+ text = groups.get('item_text', u'')
+ if bullet[-1] == '#':
+ kind = 'number_list'
+ else:
+ kind = 'bullet_list'
+ level = len(bullet)
+ lst = self.cur
+ # Find a list of the same kind and level up the tree
+ while (lst and
+ not (lst.kind in ('number_list', 'bullet_list') and
+ lst.level == level) and
+ not lst.kind in ('document', 'section', 'blockquote')):
+ lst = lst.parent
+ if lst and lst.kind == kind:
+ self.cur = lst
+ else:
+ # Create a new level of list
+ self.cur = self._upto(self.cur,
+ (kind, 'document', 'section', 'blockquote'))
+ self.cur = DocNode(kind, self.cur)
+ self.cur.level = level
+ self.cur = DocNode('list_item', self.cur)
+ self.parse_inline(text)
+ self.text = None
+ _item_text_repl = _item_repl
+ _item_head_repl = _item_repl
+
+ def _list_repl(self, groups):
+ text = groups.get('list', u'')
+ self.item_re.sub(self._replace, text)
+
+ def _head_repl(self, groups):
+ self.cur = self._upto(self.cur, ('document', 'section', 'blockquote'))
+ text = groups.get('head_text', '').strip()
+ self.cur = DocNode('header', self.cur)
+ self.cur.level = len(groups.get('head_head', ' '))
+ self.parse_inline(text)
+ self.text = None
+ _head_head_repl = _head_repl
+ _head_text_repl = _head_repl
+
+ def _text_repl(self, groups):
+ text = groups.get('text', '')
+ if self.cur.kind in ('table', 'table_row', 'bullet_list',
+ 'number_list', 'header'):
+ self.cur = self._upto(self.cur,
+ ('document', 'section', 'blockquote'))
+ if self.cur.kind in ('document', 'section', 'blockquote'):
+ self.cur = DocNode('paragraph', self.cur)
+ else:
+ text = u' ' + text
+ self.parse_inline(text)
+ if groups.get('break') and self.cur.kind in ('paragraph',
+ 'emphasis', 'strong', 'code'):
+ DocNode('break', self.cur, '')
+ self.text = None
+ _break_repl = _text_repl
+
+ def _table_repl(self, groups):
+ row = groups.get('table', '|').strip()
+ self.cur = self._upto(self.cur, (
+ 'table', 'document', 'section', 'blockquote'))
+ if self.cur.kind != 'table':
+ self.cur = DocNode('table', self.cur)
+ tb = self.cur
+ tr = DocNode('table_row', tb)
+
+ text = ''
+ for m in self.cell_re.finditer(row):
+ cell = m.group('cell')
+ if cell:
+ self.cur = DocNode('table_cell', tr)
+ self.text = None
+ self.parse_inline(cell)
+ else:
+ cell = m.group('head')
+ self.cur = DocNode('table_head', tr)
+ self.text = DocNode('text', self.cur, u'')
+ self.text.content = cell.strip('=')
+ self.cur = tb
+ self.text = None
+
+ def _pre_repl(self, groups):
+ self.cur = self._upto(self.cur, ('document', 'section', 'blockquote'))
+ kind = groups.get('pre_kind', None)
+ text = groups.get('pre_text', u'')
+ def remove_tilde(m):
+ return m.group('indent') + m.group('rest')
+ text = self.pre_escape_re.sub(remove_tilde, text)
+ node = DocNode('preformatted', self.cur, text)
+ node.sect = kind or ''
+ self.text = None
+ _pre_text_repl = _pre_repl
+ _pre_head_repl = _pre_repl
+ _pre_kind_repl = _pre_repl
+
+ def _line_repl(self, groups):
+ self.cur = self._upto(self.cur, ('document', 'section', 'blockquote'))
+
+ def _code_repl(self, groups):
+ DocNode('code', self.cur, groups.get('code_text', u'').strip())
+ self.text = None
+ _code_text_repl = _code_repl
+ _code_head_repl = _code_repl
+
+ def _emph_repl(self, groups):
+ if self.cur.kind != 'emphasis':
+ self.cur = DocNode('emphasis', self.cur)
+ else:
+ self.cur = self._upto(self.cur, ('emphasis', )).parent
+ self.text = None
+
+ def _strong_repl(self, groups):
+ if self.cur.kind != 'strong':
+ self.cur = DocNode('strong', self.cur)
+ else:
+ self.cur = self._upto(self.cur, ('strong', )).parent
+ self.text = None
+
+ def _prop_repl(self, groups):
+ key = groups.get('prop_key', '')
+ value = groups.get('prop_val', '')
+ self.cur.properties.append( NodeProperty(key, value) )
+ _prop_key_repl = _prop_repl
+ _prop_val_repl = _prop_repl
+
+ def _title_repl(self, groups):
+ text = groups.get('title_text', '')
+ self.root.headProperties.append( NodeProperty('title', text) )
+ _title_text_repl = _title_repl
+
+ def _gprop_repl(self, groups):
+ key = groups.get('gprop_key', '')
+ value = groups.get('gprop_val', '')
+ self.root.properties.append( NodeProperty(key, value) )
+ _gprop_key_repl = _gprop_repl
+ _gprop_val_repl = _gprop_repl
+
+ def _break_repl(self, groups):
+ DocNode('break', self.cur, None)
+ self.text = None
+
+ def _quot_repl(self, groups):
+ DocNode('quot', self.cur, None)
+ self.text = None
+
+ def _escape_repl(self, groups):
+ if self.text is None:
+ self.text = DocNode('text', self.cur, u'')
+ self.text.content += groups.get('escaped_char', u'')
+
+ def _char_repl(self, groups):
+ if self.text is None:
+ self.text = DocNode('text', self.cur, u'')
+ self.text.content += groups.get('char', u'')
+
+ def _replace(self, match):
+ """Invoke appropriate _*_repl method. Called for every matched group."""
+
+ groups = match.groupdict()
+ for name, text in groups.iteritems():
+ if text is not None:
+ replace = getattr(self, '_%s_repl' % name)
+ replace(groups)
+ return
+
+ def parse_inline(self, raw):
+ """Recognize inline elements inside blocks."""
+
+ re.sub(self.inline_re, self._replace, raw)
+
+ def parse_block(self, raw):
+ """Recognize block elements."""
+
+ re.sub(self.block_re, self._replace, raw)
+
+ def parse(self):
+ """Parse the text given as self.raw and return DOM tree."""
+
+ self.parse_block(self.raw)
+ return self.root
+
+#################### Helper classes
+
+### The document model and emitter follow
+
+class DocNode:
+ """
+ A node in the document.
+ """
+
+ def __init__(self, kind='', parent=None, content=None):
+ self.children = []
+ self.parent = parent
+ self.kind = kind
+ self.content = content
+ self.properties = []
+ self.headProperties = []
+ if self.parent is not None:
+ self.parent.children.append(self)
+
+
+class NodeProperty:
+ """"A particular property for a node."""
+
+ def __init__(self, key,value):
+ self.key = key
+ self.value = value
+
+ def __str__(self):
+ return self.key + '="' + self.value +'"'
+
=== added file 'user_docs/wikiTools/creole2html.py'
--- user_docs/wikiTools/creole2html.py 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000
+++ user_docs/wikiTools/creole2html.py 2010-01-04 11:10:23 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+ur"""
+WikiCreole to HTML converter
+This program is an example of how the creole.py WikiCreole parser
+can be used.
+
+@copyright: 2007 MoinMoin:RadomirDopieralski
+@license: GNU GPL, see COPYING for details.
+@license: BSD, see COPYING for details.
+
+Test cases contributed by Jan Klopper (janklopper@underdark.nl),
+modified by Radomir Dopieralski (MoinMoin:RadomirDopieralski).
+Modified for NVDA by Mesar Hameed <mhameed at src dot gnome dot org>
+"""
+
+import re
+from creole import Parser
+
+class Rules:
+ # For the link targets:
+ proto = r'http|https|ftp|nntp|news|mailto|telnet|file|irc'
+ extern = r'(?P<extern_addr>(?P<extern_proto>%s):.*)' % proto
+ interwiki = r'''
+ (?P<inter_wiki> [A-Z][a-zA-Z]+ ) :
+ (?P<inter_page> .* )
+ '''
+
+class HtmlEmitter:
+ """
+ Generate HTML output for the document
+ tree consisting of DocNodes.
+ """
+
+ addr_re = re.compile('|'.join([
+ Rules.extern,
+ Rules.interwiki,
+ ]), re.X | re.U) # for addresses
+
+ def __init__(self, root):
+ self.root = root
+
+ def get_text(self, node):
+ """Try to emit whatever text is in the node."""
+
+ try:
+ return node.children[0].content or ''
+ except:
+ return node.content or ''
+
+ def html_escape(self, text):
+ return text.replace('&', '&').replace('<', '<').replace('>', '>')
+
+ def attr_escape(self, text):
+ return self.html_escape(text).replace('"', '"')
+
+ # *_emit methods for emitting nodes of the document:
+
+ def document_emit(self, node):
+ string = '<html>\n<head>\n<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=utf-8">\n' + \
+ self.listHeadProperties(node) + \
+ '</head>\n<body' + \
+ self.listProperties(node) + \
+ '>\n' + \
+ self.emit_children(node) + \
+ "\n</body>\n</html>\n"
+ return string
+
+ def text_emit(self, node):
+ return self.html_escape(node.content)
+
+ def separator_emit(self, node):
+ return u'<hr>';
+
+ def listHeadProperties(self, node):
+ string = u""
+ for a in node.headProperties:
+ string += "<" + a.key + ">" + a.value +"</" + a.key + ">\n"
+ return string
+
+
+ def listProperties(self, node):
+ string = u""
+ for a in node.properties:
+ string += " " + a.__str__()
+ return string
+
+ def paragraph_emit(self, node):
+ string = U"<p" + self.listProperties(node)
+ string += u'>\n%s\n</p>\n' % self.emit_children(node)
+ return string
+
+ def bullet_list_emit(self, node):
+ return u'<ul>\n%s</ul>\n' % self.emit_children(node)
+
+ def number_list_emit(self, node):
+ return u'<ol>\n%s</ol>\n' % self.emit_children(node)
+
+ def list_item_emit(self, node):
+ return u'<li>%s</li>\n' % self.emit_children(node)
+
+ def table_emit(self, node):
+ return u'<table>\n%s</table>\n' % self.emit_children(node)
+
+ def table_row_emit(self, node):
+ return u'<tr>%s</tr>\n' % self.emit_children(node)
+
+ def table_cell_emit(self, node):
+ return u'<td>%s</td>' % self.emit_children(node)
+
+ def table_head_emit(self, node):
+ return u'<th>%s</th>' % self.emit_children(node)
+
+ def emphasis_emit(self, node):
+ return u'<i>%s</i>' % self.emit_children(node)
+
+ def strong_emit(self, node):
+ return u'<b>%s</b>' % self.emit_children(node)
+
+ def header_emit(self, node):
+ string = u'<h%d%s' % (node.level, self.listProperties(node))
+ string += u'>%s</h%d>\n' % (self.emit_children(node), node.level)
+ #print "i am a heading, i have %d properties and %d children" % (len(node.properties), len(node.children))
+ return string
+
+ def code_emit(self, node):
+ return u'<tt>%s</tt>' % self.html_escape(node.content)
+
+ def link_emit(self, node):
+ target = node.content
+ if node.children:
+ inside = self.emit_children(node)
+ else:
+ inside = self.html_escape(target)
+ m = self.addr_re.match(target)
+ if m:
+ if m.group('extern_addr'):
+ return u'<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (
+ self.attr_escape(target), inside)
+ elif m.group('inter_wiki'):
+ raise NotImplementedError
+ return u'<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (
+ self.attr_escape(target), inside)
+
+ def image_emit(self, node):
+ target = node.content
+ text = self.get_text(node)
+ m = self.addr_re.match(target)
+ if m:
+ if m.group('extern_addr'):
+ return u'<img src="%s" alt="%s">' % (
+ self.attr_escape(target), self.attr_escape(text))
+ elif m.group('inter_wiki'):
+ raise NotImplementedError
+ return u'<img src="%s" alt="%s">' % (
+ self.attr_escape(target), self.attr_escape(text))
+
+ def macro_emit(self, node):
+ raise NotImplementedError
+
+ def break_emit(self, node):
+ return u"<br>"
+
+ def quot_emit(self, node):
+ return u"""
+
+ def preformatted_emit(self, node):
+ return u"<pre>%s</pre>" % self.html_escape(node.content)
+
+ def default_emit(self, node):
+ """Fallback function for emitting unknown nodes."""
+
+ raise TypeError
+
+ def emit_children(self, node):
+ """Emit all the children of a node."""
+
+ return u''.join([self.emit_node(child) for child in node.children])
+
+ def emit_node(self, node):
+ """Emit a single node."""
+
+ #print "emiting node of type " + node.kind
+ emit = getattr(self, '%s_emit' % node.kind, self.default_emit)
+ return emit(node)
+
+ def emit(self):
+ """Emit the document represented by self.root DOM tree."""
+
+ return self.emit_node(self.root)
+
+if __name__=="__main__":
+ import sys
+ document = Parser(unicode(sys.stdin.read(), 'utf-8', 'ignore')).parse()
+ sys.stdout.write(HtmlEmitter(document).emit().encode('utf-8', 'ignore'))
+
+
=== added file 'user_docs/wikiTools/html2wiki.py'
--- user_docs/wikiTools/html2wiki.py 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000
+++ user_docs/wikiTools/html2wiki.py 2010-01-04 11:10:23 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#html2wiki.py
+#included in NVDA to make the transition from existing html documentation
+# to wiki markupped files.
+#Copyright (C) 2010 NVDA Contributors <http://www.nvda-project.org/>
+#This file is covered by the GNU General Public License.
+#See the file COPYING for more details.
+
+import sys
+from HTMLParser import HTMLParser
+
+class MyHTMLParser(HTMLParser):
+
+ def __init__(self):
+ HTMLParser.__init__(self)
+ self.listDepth = []
+
+ self.etags = {
+ 'h1':'=\n\n', 'h2':'==\n\n', 'h3':'===\n\n',
+ 'h4':'====\n\n', 'h5':'=====\n\n', 'h6':'======\n\n',
+ 'p':'\n', 'b':'**', 'strong':'**',
+ 'em':'//', 'a':']]', 'li': '\n', 'title': '\n',
+ }
+
+ self.stags = { \
+ 'h1':'\n=', 'h2':'\n==', 'h3':'\n===', \
+ 'h4':'\n====', 'h5':'\n=====', 'h6':'\n======', \
+ 'p':'\n', 'b':'**', 'strong':'**', \
+ 'em':'//',
+ }
+
+ def handle_entityref(self, name):
+ #print("i got %s" %name)
+ if name == 'quot':
+ sys.stdout.write('"')
+
+
+ def handle_data(self, data):
+ if data.strip():
+ sys.stdout.write("%s" %data)
+
+ def unwanted(self, tag):
+ if tag in ['html','meta','head', 'body']:
+ return True
+ return False
+
+ def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
+
+ if self.unwanted(tag):
+ return
+ if tag in self.stags:
+ sys.stdout.write("%s" % self.stags[tag] + self.getAttrib(attrs, 'id'))
+ elif tag == 'title':
+ sys.stdout.write("%%title:")
+ elif tag == 'a':
+ sys.stdout.write("[[" + self.getAttrib(attrs, 'href') +" | ")
+ elif tag == 'ul':
+ self.listDepth.append("*")
+ elif tag == 'ol':
+ self.listDepth.append("#")
+ elif tag == 'li':
+ sys.stdout.write("".join(self.listDepth) + " ")
+ else:
+ #print "Encountered the beginning of a %s tag" % tag
+ sys.stdout.write("\n")
+
+ def getAttrib(self, attrs, tag):
+ string = u""
+ for i in attrs:
+ if i[0] == 'href' and tag == 'href':
+ string += i[1].rstrip('\n')
+ if tag == 'id' and i[0] == tag:
+ string += r'''%''' + "id:%s " % i[1]
+ return string
+
+ def handle_endtag(self, tag):
+ if self.unwanted(tag):
+ return
+ if tag in self.etags:
+ sys.stdout.write("%s" % self.etags[tag])
+ elif tag in ['ol', 'ul']:
+ self.listDepth.pop()
+ #sys.stdout.write("\n")
+ else:
+ #print "Encountered the end of a %s tag" % tag
+ sys.stdout.write("\n")
+
+
+
+
+parser = MyHTMLParser()
+parser.feed(sys.stdin.read())
+parser.close()
+
=== added file 'user_docs/wikiTools/readme.txt'
--- user_docs/wikiTools/readme.txt 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000
+++ user_docs/wikiTools/readme.txt 2010-01-04 11:10:23 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+creole2html.py
+
+This file describes the additional 'features' that were added to the standard creole wiki markup to html parser, to better suit NVDA documentation needs.
+
+We also show how a standard document should look like.
+
+Additions to the creole 1.0 standard (www.wikicreole.org/):
+the parser: http://wiki.sheep.art.pl/Wiki%20Creole%20Parser%20in%20Python
+
+formatting within headings is interpreted.
+== this is **some bold** text within a heading ==
+the 1.0 standard leaves the text alone, but markup within headings is proposed for version 2. So the modified parser for NVDA wiki documents already implements this.
+
+
+Local element properties: %tagname:value, where
+tagname has to match [a-zA-Z]+ and
+value has to match [0-9a-zA-Z_\.]+
+Example add an id property to current element:
+%id:Introduction
+
+The local properties will be printed as arguments of the enclosing tag.
+<p id='Introduction'> ... </p>
+
+
+global properties: %%tagname:value, where
+tagname has to match [a-zA-Z]+ and
+value has to match [0-9a-zA-Z_\.]+
+example define the language to English:
+%%lang:en
+
+the global properties will be printed as arguments of the body tag.
+<body lang='en'> ... </body>
+
+Special case:
+%%title:Free text to the end of the line.
+When we come across the %%title: command, the rest of the line is taken to be the title text, to be printed as part of the head of the html page.
+<head>
+ ...
+ <title>Free text to the end of the line.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+example wiki document:
+
+---start cut---
+%%title:NVDA 2009.1 User Guide
+%%lan:en
+
+=NVDA 2009.1 User Guide=
+
+==Table of Contents==
+
+* [[#1 | 1. Introduction]]
+** [[#1.1 | 1.1. General features]]
+** [[#1.2 | 1.2. Internationalization]]
+
+==%id:1 1. Introduction==
+===%id:1.1 1.1. General Features===
+
+
+Providing feedback by synthetic speech, Nonvisual Desktop Access allows blind and vision impaired people to access and interact with the Windows operating system and many third party applications.
+
+...
+
+
+===%id:1.2 1.2. Internationalization===
+
+
+It is important that people anywhere in the world, no matter what language they speak, get equal access to technology. NVDA currently has been translated into over 20 languages.
+
+
+---end cut---
+
+
+
+html2wiki.py
+
+Incomplete parser, but automates most of the conversion from html to wiki markup.
+
+Care is to be taken for element properties/attributes, because they are not converted back into wiki format unless it is an "id" attribute.
+The %%lang: is also not output, so we have to edit the output document to include this.
+
+The html2wiki.py should probably be removed once all languages has migrated to wiki markup.
+
+both creole2html.py and html2wiki.py read from standard in, and write to standard out.
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